S60 power window failure after battery replacement

It sounds like you may have disrupted the window motor's learned positions. Sometimes, after a battery replacement, the car's electronics need to be re-initialized. Did you try the standard procedure of holding the window switch down, then up, for a few seconds at each position?

Yes, I tried that several times, but it didn't work. I also checked the fuses, and they seem to be fine. Could it be anything else?

Given that you've attempted the reset procedure and checked the fuses, and the problem arose directly after the battery replacement, it's highly probable that the window regulator module requires professional attention. There might be a deeper issue with the car's electronic system that requires specialized diagnostic equipment. I advise you to visit a qualified workshop.

Thanks for the advice! I took it to a workshop, and they confirmed the window regulator needed to be re-initialized using their diagnostic tools. Cost me 290€, but everything is working fine now.